Hinge for windows

ABSTRACT

643,168. Hinges. SVARTVIKS AKTIEBOLAG. Aug. 1, 1947, No. 21035. Convention date, June 2. [Class 65(ii)] In a hinge adapted to mount a window on a horizontal axis and to provide a braking effect during at least a part of the opening movement thereof, a lever transmits a braking force derived from the weight of the window, the arrangement being such that said force is greater than the braking force which would occur if the window were supported directly by a braking surface. A window 2 carries a pin 15 pivotally supported by a sector plate 6 which is pivoted on a pin 5 fixed to the frame 1. In a partly open position of the window (as shown), a pin 19, fixed to the frame and projecting through a slot 21 in the plate 6, engages a lever 9 pivoted at 8 to the plate 6 and thus urges a brake surface 11 on the lever against an arcuate flange 12 fixed to the window concentrically to the pin 15. Further pivoting of the window about the pin 5 is thus braked. In a modification the pin 19 is carried by the lever and cooperates with a surface provided on the frame.

y 1953 E. SARENHOLM 2,645,811

HINGE FOR wmnows Fild Aug. 6, 1947 INVENTOR' El/VAR SARENHOLM Patented July 21, 1953 'Einar Sarenhol m, Eskilstuna, Sweden, assignor to Svartviks Aktiebolag, Sundsvall, Sweden, a corporation of Sweden Application August 6, 1947, Serial No. 766,713 In Sweden June 2, 1947 The present invention refers to pivot hinges for windows, particularly windows having a casement (or easements) swingable approximately at its middle portion about a horizontal axis of rotation, wherein at least a portion of the swinging movement of the casement from its closed position takes place with a braking effect. The object of the invention is to render possible an effective braking effect without resorting to springs or the like. In a previously proposed construction of pivot hinges of the type in consideration, the casement is carried, durin the outward swing from a certain small opening position, designated as the quick-ventilation position, by a movable arcuate braking surface resting on a corresponding arcuate braking surface, which is stationary during said swinging movement. With that construction, the weight of the easement or casements will be transmitted directly onto the stationary braking surface, on which the easements may be said to be suspended during the outward swinging movement. With that construction, the available brakin power can never be greater than the weight of the easements, which has been found to be insufficient for most purposes.

In comparison with the previously suggested construction, an improvement has been evolved, according to the present invention, to attain an efficient braking effect, said improvement consisting in the provision of a lever to transmit the braking power originating from the weight of the casement to a braking surface in such manner that the braking power is increased by a leverage effect.

The arrangement may be devised so that the brakin effect manifests itself practically during the whole of the opening movement or closing movement of the window, but since it is generally 5 Claims. (01. 16-140) desirable that-the window shall permit of being rapidly, and perhaps, automatically swung out into the quick-ventilation position from its closed position, the hinge is rather constructed so that the braking effect commences to act only when the casement approaches the quick-ventilation position in being swung out.

The invention is substantially, but not exclusively, intended to be applied to pivot hinges having a pivoted intermediate member, which facilitates the outward swinging movement, first about one and then about the other of two axes of rotation located beside one another, and in this application, the lever, which is provided with a braking surface, is pivotally mounted on the pivoted intermediate member, which is swingable in known manner on a pin of a fittingsecured to the window casement. A second braking surface arranged for cooperation with said first-mentioned surface is formed here on a fitting secured to the casement, the lever being arranged to be moved with its braking surface against the brakingsurface of the casement fitting by reason of I the movement of the casement and the linkshaped intermediate member relatively to the easement during the first portion of the outward swingin movement of the easement from its closed position.

Further features characteristic of the invention and advantages inherent therein will appear from the following description and are illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of the hinge and a part of the frame,

Fig. 2 is a side elevation similar to Fig. 1 with the parts in different positions, i

Fig; 3 is a side elevation similar to Figs. 1 and 2 with the parts in different positions,

Fig. 4 is a side view of a detail,

Fig. 5 is a sectional view of a detail taken on line 5-5 of Fig. 2, and

Figs. 6 to 9 are top plan views of theframe fitting, intermediate member, lever and casement fitting respectively. V

The hinge arrangement is shown in vertical projection in Figs. 1-3 of the drawing, viewed on the side of the casement facing the middle portion of the window opening, the parts of the same secured to the easement being indicated by chaindotted lines. Fig. 1 corresponds to the closed position of the window, Fig. 2 to the quick-ventilation position, and Fig. 3 to a larger opening position, wherein the brakin effect manifests itself.

In the drawings, I designates the frame (only a portion of the one vertical frame member being indicated), and 2 denotes one, for instance the inner one, of the two interconnected easements, which are suspended in the frame by means of the hinge contrivance in accordance with the invention. The second casement, for instance the outer one, is designated by 3.

Secured to the insides of the two vertical frame pieces of the window are fittings 4 each provided with an inwardly protruding fixed pin 5 havinga segment-shaped linked intermediate member 6v mounted thereon. The fittings ll-are also each provided with a fixed stop abutment 1 approached by the lower edge of the intermediate member 6 at the outward swinging into the quick-ventilation position (Fig. 2). According to the invention, a lever 9 is pivotally mounted on:

a pin 8 on the intermediate member 6, said lever being provided with a flange I and a braking coating II to form one of the braking surfaces of the braking device. The other braking surface is formed by an arcuate flange I2 on a fitting I4 secured to the casement 2. Furthermore, the fitting I4 is provided with a pin I5 projecting into a guide in the form of an edge recess or pocket It in the link-shaped intermediate member G. The bottom of the pocket I6 is formed by a flange I1 and the pin I5 is supported pivotally on said bottom. The pins I5 of the hinges at both sides of the window form pivots, about which the easements are swung outwardly from the quick-ventilation position to a greater opening position. Furthermore, there is provided a carrier pin I8 on the fitting I4, said pin being withdrawn during this movement from the quickventilation position out of the edge recess while being again, when the easements are swung back toward the position of closure, introduced into the edge recess so as to abut against the flange I1, thereby being then capable of moving the intermediate member 6, along therewith in the turning of the easements about the pin 5, during the movement from the quick-ventilation position to the position of complete closure.

To set the braking surface of the lever against the braking surface of the easement fitting, there is provided, preferably on the frame fitting 4, a guide pin I9 cooperating with a cam surface 20 on the lever 9. The position of the guide pin I9 and of the cam surface 20 is so designed relative- 1y to the positions of the pivot pin 5 of the intermediate member on the frame fitting 4 and the bearing pin 8 o'f'the lever on the intermediate member, so that the braking surface of the lever is set against the braking surface of the easement fitting to effect aleverage. The guide pin I9 extends through a slit 2| in the link-shaped intermediate member so as to be permitted to be brought into engagement with the lever 9 mounted on the opposite side. The slit also confines the mobility of the intermediate member relatively to the frame, so that the easements are prevented, at thebeginning of a closing movement, from being raised by reason of the turning facilities of the intermediate member and the effect of the braking device.

The mode of operation of the arrangement described is as follows:

In the position of closure shown in Fig. l, the intermediate member 6 is swung upwardly, so that the guide pin I9 is located at the lower end of the slit 2|, while the part of the cam surface 20 adjacent to the pivot 8 for the lever 9 is bearing against the guide pin I9. When the window is to be opened from the position of closure, the easements first turn about an axis of rotation determined by the fixed pins 5 on both frame pieces.

The intermediate member 6 is thus carried along in the movement of the easements, as if it were integral therewith. During this first movement only the bearing friction at the pins 5 is active as a resistance to the movement in the example shown, by reason of which the outward swinging is effected readily and may be attained, if desired, by suitablyplacing the center of gravity of the easements-relatively to the axis of rotation determined by the pins 5. During this outward swinging movement, which genei'allyonly comprises a certain small angle, the lower edge of the. intermediatemember 6 approaches the fixed stop abutment-I. The bearing pin 8-for the lever aisaisoeamee along in the movement,-

whereas the outer end of the lever provided with the braking coating I I has a movement imparted thereto, which is determined by the engagement of the cam surface 20 with the fixed guide pin I9 and the sliding movement of said surface 20 on said pin I 9. The movement results in the braking coating II moving inwardly toward and setting against the convex side of the arcuate flange I2. It is generally preferred to choose the position of the guide pin I9 so that the braking coating is completely set, before the lower edge of the intermediate member hits the stop abutment I.

The weight of the easements, which influences the intermediate member 6 by means of the pin I5 supported by the flange [1, causes a downwardly directed force acting at the center of the pin 8. This force causes, in turn, a braking effeet which is related to the downwardly directed force in comparison as the moment arm of the latter with respect to the center of the pin 5 is related to the moment arm of the braking force with respect to the same center. Since the moment force is active very much nearer to the center of rotation than the downwardly directed force, and consequently has a substantially smaller moment arm than the latter, it will be correspondingly greater. The leverage thus provides for an increase of the available braking power in comparison with that instance when the easements are supported directly by braking surfaces. This effect manifests itself during outward swinging movement of the easements which are then turning about the pins I5 as long as the braking surface of the lever engages the flange I2, when the latter is turning, the movement taking place consequently at braking. By a suitable selection of the leverage, a braking effect of the desired magnitude can be attained, so that the easements may be effectively retained, during that part of the movement in which the braking effect manifests itself, in an arbitrary opening position, to which they have been adjusted.

The invention may be advantageously applied to such windows which are provided with closing means permitting a fine adjustment of the opening movement during the very first part thereof, and where the easements, on having been released from the closing device, are caused to swing out automatically into the quick-ventilation position.

The braking surface of the flange I2 is preferably shaped on a circular arc with the center of the pin I5 at its center, but it may occur in certain cases that the flange is arranged eccentrically, in part at least, in a manner such that the braking effect will be varied accordingly in a certain manner during the opening and closing movement's. It may be found to be advantageous to provide for an increased braking power toward the end of the opening movement as a compensation for the reduction of the braking surface setting in when the braking surface of the lever commences to leave the end of the flange.

Further modifications of the embodiments shown may be evolved, without the scope of the invention being exceeded thereby.

A special advantage inherent in the hinge described is that the window becomes less sensitive to varying positions of the center of gravity of the easements relatively to the axes of rotation of the easements. Thus the vertical line through the center of gravity of the easements,

which is generally situated above the axes of rotation, may fall, in the position where the brake commences to be effective at the outward swinging of the easements, on or outside the center line of the pins l (thus not between the center lines of the pins l5 and 5), inasmuch as the turning moment then manifesting itself, which tends to swing the easements with their upper edges downwardly, is outweighed by the braking effect then setting in.

What I claim is:

1. A pivot hinge for windows having a frame and a casement pivoted to the frame about horizontal axes, comprising a casement fitting, a frame fitting, a link member pivoted to the frame fitting and carrying the casement fitting, the litting carried by the link member being formed with a brake surface, a lever pivoted to said link member and having a brake surface for cooperation with said brake surface of the fitting, and means to move said lever relatively to the link member to bring its braking surface towards and into contact with the braking surfaces of the fitting as a result of the movement of the casement and the link member relatively to the frame during the first portion of the outward swinging movement of the casement from the position of closure. I

2. A pivot hinge for windows having a frame and a casement pivoted to the frame about horizontal axes, comprising a casement fitting, a frame fitting, an intermediate member pivoted to one of said fittings and carrying the other fitting, the last-mentioned fitting being formed with a brake surface, a lever pivoted to said intermediate member and having a brake surface for cooperation with said brake surface of the said other fitting, a cam surface on the lever between the ends thereof spaced from its pivot on the link member and a stationary pin engaging said cam surface for tightening the braking surface of the lever against the braking surface of the fitting as a result of the movement of the casement and the intermediate member relatively to the frame during the first portion of the outward swinging movement of, the casement from the position of closure.

3. A pivot hinge for windows having a frame and a casement pivoted to the frame about horizontal axes, comprising a frame fitting, an intermediate member pivoted to the frame fitting, a casement fitting formed with an arcuate brake surface with means for suspending the easement on the intermediate member, a lever pivoted to said intermediate member and having a brake surface for cooperation with said arcuate brake surface, means actuating the lever for engaging the brake surface thereof with the arcuate brake surface as a result of a swinging movement of the intermediate member relatively to the frame fitting during the first opening movement of the window casement from its closed position, and a stop for ultimately limiting the swinging movement to a predetermined value.

4. A pivot hinge for windows having a frame and a casement pivoted to the frame about horizontal axes, comprising a fitting mounted on the casement and having a brake surface, a second fitting mounted on the frame, a lever having a brake surface for cooperation with the brake surface of said casement fitting, means connecting said frame fitting with said lever and carrying the weight of the casement, the lever being pivoted to said connecting means, and stationary abutment means on the second fitting to be engaged by said lever between the ends of the lever as a result of an opening movement of the easement, whereby the braking force between said surfaces will be increased by a leverage effect.

5. A pivot hinge as claimed in claim 4, in which the brake surface of the lever is adapted to cooperate with the convex side of an arcuate flange formed with the brake surface of the casement fitting.

EINAR SARENHOLM.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 529,171 Hegenscheidt Nov. 13, 1894 698,468 -Dietz Apr. 29, 1902 1,120,163 Sanders Dec. 8, 1914 1,792,736 Garratt Feb. 17, 1931 2,114,419 Ferris Apr. 19, 1938 p FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 31,618 Netherlands Dec. 15, 1933 334,982 Great Britain Sept. 18, 1930 

